Hunting Methods & Dogs — Quick Reference
Jägarexamen study aid · grounded in your translated course (Jakten, Jakthunden) · Swedish terms kept. The golden rule: reason from what's happening — the word follows the purpose.
1 · Hunting methods
| Method (SV) | What happens | Pace | Main game | Weapon |
|---|
| Smygjakt (stalking / pyrsch) | Move slowly, into the wind, get close unseen. Gun loaded but on safe. Fallow & red deer hardest (sharp sight); boar bed in thick cover. | Solo, silent | Roe (most), moose, red/fallow, fox | Rifle |
| Vaktjakt (wait hunting) | Sit still & wait at a stand — ground or high seat. Wind in your face; bait optional. | Solo, still | Boar, predators, deer | Rifle/shotgun |
| Vakjakt (vigil / bait / åteljakt) | Dusk/night over a well-established åtel tended year-round. | Solo, still, night | Boar, fox, roe, mink | Rifle |
| Lockjakt (calling / decoys) | Lure within range with calls or decoys (bulvaner on land, vettar in water). Recorded calls forbidden. | Solo | Birds, roe buck (rut), predators | Shotgun/rifle |
| Drivande hund (driving hound) | Dog finds night track, drives game to a posted hunter. One dog at a time. | 1–2 people | Hare, fox, roe | Rifle/shotgun |
| Ställande hund (baying-dog hunt) | Dog finds & holds the moose at bay (ståndskall); hunter stalks in. Commonest moose form in the north. | Solo + dog | Moose (also bear/boar/badger) | Rifle |
| Drevjakt (drive hunting) | Beater line drives game to a shooting line. After the boghalt (stop line) NO shots into the drive. | Many, noisy | Cloven game (deer) | Rifle |
| Klappjakt (beat hunting) | Beaters clap hands / strike branches to push game (fasanklapp, harklapp…). Intense, fast. | Many, noisy | Small game (pheasant, hare, duck, fox) | Shotgun |
| Tryckjakt (push hunting) | As few as two quietly nudge game to the stand. Game comes calmly, alert in all directions. | Few, quiet | Cloven game & fox | Rifle |
| Uppsprångs- / Uppflogsjakt (walk-up flush) | Walk up & flush from the day-bed. Uppsprång = animal jumps up (hare/rabbit); uppflog = bird flushes. | Solo or abreast | Hare/rabbit; grouse, doves, ducks | Shotgun |
| Sträckjakt (flight-path) | Shoot birds on the wing from a hide as they pass between feeding/resting. Hide by water = skåre. | Solo, hidden | Geese, doves, ducks | Shotgun |
| Toppfågeljakt (treetop) | Winter; birds browsing in treetops; on skis in white camo. Mind the backstop (you shoot upward). | Solo | Black grouse & capercaillie cocks | Rifle (full-jacket) |
| Grytjakt (den hunting) | Den dog underground: fox driven out; badger bayed, then dig down (nedslag) & dispatch with a den revolver. Moving light allowed. | Solo + dog | Badger, fox (rabbit) | Shotgun / fine rifle / den revolver |
2 · Dog JOBS — what the dog does
The mental model — two separate axes: a dog word is either a JOB (what it does; usually ends in "-hund", e.g. drivande hund = driving hound) or a BREED (the actual dog: stövare, drever, tax). A breed does a job. This section = the JOBS; §8 = the BREEDS with their English names.
| Job (SV) | What it does — the key contrast | Breeds that do it |
|---|
| Drivande hund (driving hound) | Drives game ahead with continuous bay. Short-legged = slow (roe); long-legged = fast (fox/hare, not cloven game). | Drever, tax, basset / hamilton, beagle, plott, finsk stövare |
| Ställande hund (baying dog) | Holds game at bay with ståndskall — mainly moose. Holds it in place, does not drive. | Gråhund, vit älghund, Jämthund, Hälleforshund |
| Stående fågelhund (pointing dog) | Points tight-sitting birds (ge stånd), then flushes on command (avance). | Pointer, setter, vorsteh, breton |
| Stötande hund (flushing dog) | Flushes without pointing; stops when the game breaks. Works "under the gun". | Spaniels |
| Skällande fågelhund / trädskällare (tree-barker) | Barks perched forest birds up into trees and holds their attention. | Finsk spets, laika, Norrbottenspets |
| Kortdrivare / stöthund (short driver) | Drive game only briefly. NB: stöthund ≠ stötande hund. | Wachtel, jaktterrier, münsterländer |
| Grythund (earth/den dog) | Works underground for fox/badger. Sprängare bolts it out; förliggare marks/bays it below. | Tax, terrier |
| Ledhund (lead/leash dog) | Kept leashed; silently leads the hunter to the moose. | — |
| Eftersökshund (tracking dog) | Tracks wounded game by blood scent. Must be available within 2 h for big game. | Any suitable |
| Apporterande hund (retriever) | Finds & carries shot birds back. Required for woodpigeon/geese/ducks. | Retrievers |
| Vildsvinshund (boar dog) | A cross between a baying dog and a short-range driver. | Jaktterrier, Wachtel, laika… |
3 · Dog-work terms (the drivande-hund drama)
| Term (SV) | Meaning |
|---|
| Slag / nattslag | The (night) trail. Gå på slag = working out the night track, usually with a "wake-bark". |
| Upptag (ta upp) | The take-up: the dog rouses/finds the animal from its lega — the drive begins. |
| Tappt | The loss: the dog has lost the scent. |
| Avhopp | Jump-off: game backtracks in its own tracks, then leaps aside to break the trail. |
| Bukt (bukta) | Loop: game turns back and runs to and fro within a small area. |
| Ståndskall · skall · ge stånd · ställa · rådjursren | Bay at a stand · bark/bay · to point · to hold at bay · "roe-clean" (trained to ignore roe deer). |
4 · Lighting rules — the species trap
Fox (räv): may be shot using fixed light mounted for another purpose (e.g. the barn/yard light). You may not rig lighting to aid the fox hunt, and no handheld lamp.
Wild boar (vildsvin): the permissive one — fixed light at bait sites (non-swivelling, lights only the bait) plus moving/handheld light (torch) plus electronic aids (image intensifier/converter, thermal camera). Thermal sights only in open terrain or at bait.
Den hunting (grytjakt): moving light (a torch) is allowed.
5 · The weapon quick-tell
hagel / hagelvapen = shotgun. kula / kulvapen = rifle (class 1–4). Google Translate calls both "shotgun" — don't trust it. Flushing/bird & small-game work → shotgun; cloven game → rifle.
6 · Field-dressing & shot placement
The field-dressing pipeline — in order:
| Step (SV) | What you do |
|---|
| Sticka (stickning) | Bleed the animal out. |
| Passa (passning) | Gut — remove the entrails/viscera. |
| Sota (sotning) | Clean — remove rectum, bladder & genitals. (Literally "chimney-sweep" — hence the nonsense translation.) |
| Flå (flåning) | Skin. |
| Stycka (styckning) | Butcher — cut into joints. |
Where to aim — two different shots:
| Situation | Aim point |
|---|
| Killing shot on a standing animal | Heart & lungs |
| Dispatch (avfångning) of an animal down in its wound-bed (sårlega) | Brain or neck / cervical spine (halskotpelaren) |
| Seals — always | The head |
Reading the hit (reaction after the shot):
Heart/lung → a leap, a short rush, then falls. Spine/brain/neck → drops on the spot ("knall och fall"). Belly/liver → arches the back, tucks up the belly, then runs (hardest to read).
7 · The three Swedish seals
| Swedish | English (the one that matters) | Tell it apart | Size / where | Exam hook |
|---|
| Gråsäl | Grey seal | Cone/wedge head, no forehead crease — the "pointy/horse face". | Biggest (3 m, 300 kg); mainly Baltic | Licens + skydds hunted |
| Knubbsäl | Harbour seal (= Common seal) | Round head, V-shaped nostrils, "upturned nose". | Small; west coast + S Baltic | The virus one (1980s epidemics) |
| Vikare | Ringed seal (Sw. ringsäl) | Darker, rounder, ring-shaped spots; strong claws to cut ice holes. | Smallest (100 kg); N Baltic / Bottenviken | Ice-dependent; skyddsjakt only |
Google-translate traps: "fold / bender" = a mangling of vikare (vika = to fold) → it's the Ringed seal. "fat / chubby" = a mangling of knubbsäl → it's the Harbour seal.
Not Swedish residents (usually wrong answers): Munksäl = Monk seal (Mediterranean); Grönlandssäl = Harp seal (vagrant).
Four hooks: biggest + pointy = Grey · virus = Harbour · ice + smallest = Ringed · toxins hit reproduction (all three).
8 · Dog BREEDS — the actual dogs (English names)
Ignore Google's porridge — learn the three real English names. It renders stövare as "duster" (from stöv- = dust) and mangles the rest. The truth:
| Swedish | English name | What it is (the hook) |
|---|
| Stövare | Hound (scent-hound) | The "big sniffer" — long-legged & fast; drives hare/fox. Breeds: Hamiltonstövare = Hamilton Hound, Finsk stövare = Finnish Hound. |
| Drever | Drever (Swedish Dachsbracke) | A short-legged hound; drives slowly → good for roe deer. |
| Tax | Dachshund | Shortest legs; small enough to go down dens → doubles as an earth/den dog. |
Remember: these are BREEDS. A "-hund" word (drivande hund, grythund…) is a JOB — and a dachshund (breed) can do the earth-dog (job).
Minimum recommended ground size (bigger/faster dog → more land, so the drive stays on your ground):
| Dog | Min. ground |
|---|
| Stövare (hound — long-legged, fast) | 200 ha |
| Drever (short-legged hound) | 100 ha |
| Tax (dachshund — short-legged) | 50 ha |
When you may START training / hunting with dogs that pursue game:
| Quarry | From |
|---|
| Wild boar (vildsvin) | 1 Aug |
| Moose (älg), hare, red fox | 21 Aug |
| Red deer, fallow deer & roe deer | 1 Oct |
(Non-pursuing pointing / flushing / tree-barking dogs on birds: from 16 Aug.)